Testwiki:Formule

Matematičke (i druge) formule na Wikipediji se pišu pomoću kôda preuzetog iz uređivačkog programa TeX (vidi: LaTeX). Taj se kôd kod prikazivanja stranice pretvara u HTML kôd (koji se onda prikazuje znak po znak) ili u sliku ekstenzije PNG, ovisno o tome kako je namješteno u postavkama.

Sintaksa

Kôd se upisuje unutar <math> ... </math>, što je dostupno i na traci s alatima (gumb $\sqrt{n}$). Slično kao i u HTML-u, višak razmaka i prelazak u novi red se ignoriraju. Wikipedijini alati (npr. podebljan/kurzivni tekst, predlošci, tablice, potpis, određivanje podnaslova itd.) ne rade unutar kôda za matematičke formule.

Prikazivanje

Kad se formula prikazuje u PNG formatu, dobije se crn tekst na bijeloj pozadini (ne prozirnoj). To ne ovisi o pregledniku. Veličina i oblik teksta se razlikuje od normalnog teksta (onog izvan kôda za matematičke formule), a problem je i vertikalno poravnavanje.

Ako želite da se formula prikaže u PNG formatu iako je dovoljno jednostavna da se može prikazati i u HTML formatu, na kraj formule dodajte \!,

Razlike između HTML i TeX kôda

Nekad je jednostavnije koristiti HTML kôd, ali on često nije dovoljno dobar, kao što je prikazano u sljedećoj tablici:

TeX kôd	prikaz u PNG formatu	HTML kôd	prikaz kao HTML
<math>\alpha\,</math>	$\alpha$	&alpha;	α
<math>\sqrt{2}</math>	$\sqrt{2}$	&radic;2	√2
<math>\sqrt{1-e^2}</math>	$\sqrt{1-e^2}$	&radic;(1&minus;''e''&sup2;)	√(1−e²)

Za posebne znakove, eksponente i indekse, vidi Wikipedija:Kako uređivati stranicu#Vrste slova i pisanja.

Zašto HTML

• Formule pisane unutar teksta uvijek su pravilno vertikalno poravnane.
• Uvijek su iste veličine i oblika teksta i boje pozadine kao i ostatak teksta.
• Stranica se brže učitava.

Zašto TeX

• Kôd je jednostavnije pisati, i estetski više zadovoljava.
• TeX kôd se može pretvoriti u HTML pa se kod jednostavnih formula mogu iskoristiti sve pogodnosti HTML-a.
• Može se pretvoriti u MathML i koristiti u preglednicima koji ga podržavaju. (vidi: MathML Predložak:Eng oznaka )
• Nema razlike u prikazu kod različitih preglednika ili različitih verzija HTML-a.

Funkcije, simboli, posebni znakovi

Naglasci/dijakritici
\acute{a} \grave{a} \hat{a} \tilde{a} \breve{a}	$\acute{a}\stackrel{`}{a}\hat{a}\tilde{a}\breve{a}$
\check{a} \bar{a} \ddot{a} \dot{a}	$\check{a}\overline{a}\ddot{a}\dot{a}$
Standardne funkcije
\sin a \cos b \tan c	$\sin a\cos b\tan c$
\sec d \csc e \cot f	$\sec d\csc e\cot f$
\arcsin h \arccos i \arctan j	$\arcsin h\arccos i\arctan j$
\sinh k \cosh l \tanh m \coth n	$\sinh k\cosh l\tanh m\coth n$
\operatorname{sh}o \operatorname{ch}p \operatorname{th}q	$\mathrm{sh}o\mathrm{ch}p\mathrm{th}q$
\operatorname{argsh}r \operatorname{argch}s \operatorname{argth}t	$\mathrm{argsh}r\mathrm{argch}s\mathrm{argth}t$
\lim u \limsup v \liminf w \min x \max y	$\lim u\mathrm{lim\; sup}v\mathrm{lim\; inf}w\min x\max y$
\inf z \sup a \exp b \ln c \lg d \log e \log_{10} f \ker g	$\inf z\sup a\exp b\ln c\lg d\log e{\log }_{10}f\ker g$
\deg h \gcd i \Pr j \det k \hom l \arg m \dim n	$\mathrm{deg}h\gcd i\mathrm{Pr}j\det k\mathrm{hom}l\arg m\dim n$
Modularna aritmetika
s_k \equiv 0 \pmod{m} a \bmod b	$s_k\equiv 0(\mathrm{mod}m)amodb$
Derivacije
\nabla \partial x dx \dot x \ddot y	$\mathrm{\nabla }\partial xdx\dot{x}\ddot{y}$
Skupovi
\forall \exists \empty \emptyset \varnothing	$\mathrm{\forall }\mathrm{\exists }\mathrm{\varnothing }\mathrm{\varnothing }\varnothing$
\in \ni \not \in \notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq	$\in \ni \in ̸\notin \subset \subseteq \supset \supseteq$
\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup \biguplus \setminus \smallsetminus	$\cap \bigcap \cup \bigcup ⨄\setminus \setminus$
\sqsubset \sqsubseteq \sqsupset \sqsupseteq \sqcap \sqcup \bigsqcup	$⊏⊑⊐⊒\sqcap \bigsqcup ⨆$
Operatori
+ \oplus \bigoplus \pm \mp -	$+\oplus ⨁\pm \mp -$
\times \otimes \bigotimes \cdot \circ \bullet \bigodot	$\times \otimes ⨂\cdot \circ \bullet ⨀$
\star * / \div \frac{1}{2}	$\star */÷\frac{1}{2}$
Logika
\land \wedge \bigwedge \bar{q} \to p	$\wedge \wedge \bigwedge \overline{q}\to p$
\lor \vee \bigvee \lnot \neg q \And	$\vee \vee \bigvee \mathrm{\neg }\mathrm{\neg }q\mathrm{\&}$
Korijeni
\sqrt{2} \sqrt[n]{x}	$\sqrt{2}\sqrt[n]{x}$
Relacije
\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot= \overset{\underset{\mathrm{def}}{}}{=}	$\sim \approx \simeq \cong \dot{=}\stackrel{\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}}{=}$
\le < \ll \gg \ge > \equiv \not\equiv \ne \mbox{or} \neq \propto	$\le <\ll \gg \ge >\equiv \equiv ̸\ne \text{or}\ne \propto$
Geometrija
\Diamond \Box \triangle \angle \perp \mid \nmid \| 45^\circ	$◊◻\mathrm{△}\mathrm{\angle }\perp \mid \nmid \Vert 45^{\circ }$
Strelice
\leftarrow \gets \rightarrow \to \not\to \leftrightarrow \longleftarrow \longrightarrow	$\leftarrow \leftarrow \to \to \to ̸\leftrightarrow ⟵⟶$
\mapsto \longmapsto \hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow	$\mapsto ⟼\hookrightarrow \hookleftarrow \nearrow \searrow \swarrow \nwarrow$
\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft	$\uparrow \downarrow \updownarrow \rightharpoonup \rightharpoondown \leftharpoonup \leftharpoondown \upharpoonleft$
\upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \Leftrightarrow \Longleftarrow	$\upharpoonright \downharpoonleft \downharpoonright \rightleftharpoons \Leftarrow \Rightarrow \iff ⟸$
\Longrightarrow \Longleftrightarrow (or \iff) \Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft	$⟹⟺\Uparrow \Downarrow \Updownarrow \leftleftarrows \leftrightarrows \Lleftarrow \leftarrowtail \looparrowleft$
\leftrightharpoons \curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright	$\leftrightharpoons \curvearrowleft \circlearrowleft \Lsh \upuparrows \rightrightarrows \rightleftarrows \Rrightarrow \rightarrowtail \looparrowright$
\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows \multimap \leftrightsquigarrow \rightsquigarrow \nLeftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nRightarrow	$\curvearrowright \circlearrowright \Rsh \downdownarrows ⊸\leftrightsquigarrow ⇝\nLeftarrow \nleftrightarrow \nRightarrow$
\nLeftrightarrow \longleftrightarrow	$\nLeftrightarrow ⟷$
Posebno
\eth \S \P \% \dagger \ddagger \ldots \cdots	$\mathrm{ð}\mathrm{\S }\P \mathrm{\%}†‡\dots \cdots$
\smile \frown \wr \triangleleft \triangleright \infty \bot \top	$⌣⌢\wr ◃▹\mathrm{\infty }\mathrm{\perp }\mathrm{\top }$
\vdash \vDash \Vdash \models \lVert \rVert \imath \hbar	$⊢\models ⊩\models \Vert \Vert ı\hslash$
\ell \mho \Finv \Re \Im \wp \complement \diamondsuit	$\ell \mho Ⅎ\mathrm{\Re }\mathrm{\Im }\mathrm{\wp }\complement \mathrm{♢}$
\heartsuit \clubsuit \spadesuit \Game \flat \natural \sharp	$\mathrm{♡}\mathrm{♣}\mathrm{♠}⅁\mathrm{♭}\mathrm{♮}\mathrm{♯}$
Nesortirano
\vartriangle \triangledown \lozenge \circledS \measuredangle \nexists \Bbbk \backprime \blacktriangle \blacktriangledown	$△▽◊\mathrm{Ⓢ}\measuredangle \nexists 𝕜‵▴▾$
\blacksquare \blacklozenge \bigstar \sphericalangle \diagup \diagdown \dotplus \Cap \Cup \barwedge	$◼⧫★\sphericalangle ╱╲\dotplus ⋒⋓⊼$
\veebar \doublebarwedge \boxminus \boxtimes \boxdot \boxplus \divideontimes \ltimes \rtimes \leftthreetimes	$⊻⩞\boxminus ⊠⊡⊞\divideontimes ⋉⋊⋋$
\rightthreetimes \curlywedge \curlyvee \circleddash \circledast \circledcirc \centerdot \intercal \leqq \leqslant	$⋌⋏⋎⊝⊛⊚\cdot ⊺\leqq ⩽$
\eqslantless \lessapprox \approxeq \lessdot \lll \lessgtr \lesseqgtr \lesseqqgtr \doteqdot \risingdotseq	$⪕⪅\approxeq ⋖⋘\lessgtr ⋚⪋\doteqdot \risingdotseq$
\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq \subseteqq \Subset \preccurlyeq \curlyeqprec \precsim \precapprox \vartriangleleft	$\fallingdotseq \backsim \backsimeq ⫅⋐\preccurlyeq ⋞\precsim ⪷⊲$
\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq \geqslant \eqslantgtr \gtrsim \gtrapprox \eqsim \gtrdot	$\Vvdash \bumpeq \Bumpeq \geqq ⩾⪖\gtrsim ⪆\eqsim ⋗$
\ggg \gtrless \gtreqless \gtreqqless \eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \thicksim \thickapprox \supseteqq	$⋙\gtrless ⋛⪌\eqcirc \circeq \triangleq \sim \approx ⫆$
\Supset \succcurlyeq \curlyeqsucc \succsim \succapprox \vartriangleright \shortmid \shortparallel \between \pitchfork	$⋑\succcurlyeq ⋟\succsim ⪸⊳\mid \parallel \between ⋔$
\varpropto \blacktriangleleft \therefore \backepsilon \blacktriangleright \because \nleqslant \nleqq \lneq \lneqq	$\propto ◂\therefore ∍▸\because ⪇\nleqq ⪇\lneqq$
\lvertneqq \lnsim \lnapprox \nprec \npreceq \precneqq \precnsim \precnapprox \nsim \nshortmid	$\lneqq ⋦⪉\nprec ⋠⪵⋨⪹\nsim \nmid$
\nvdash \nVdash \ntriangleleft \ntrianglelefteq \nsubseteq \nsubseteqq \varsubsetneq \subsetneqq \varsubsetneqq \ngtr	$⊬⊮⋪⋬⊈⊈⊊⫋⫋\ngtr$
\ngeqslant \ngeqq \gneq \gneqq \gvertneqq \gnsim \gnapprox \nsucc \nsucceq \succneqq	$⪈\ngeqq ⪈\gneqq \gneqq ⋧⪊\nsucc ⋡⪶$
\succnsim \succnapprox \ncong \nshortparallel \nparallel \nvDash \nVDash \ntriangleright \ntrianglerighteq \nsupseteq	$⋩⪺≆\nparallel \nparallel ⊭⊯⋫⋭⊉$
\nsupseteqq \varsupsetneq \supsetneqq \varsupsetneqq	$⊉⊋⫌⫌$
\jmath \surd \ast \uplus \diamond \bigtriangleup \bigtriangledown \ominus	$ȷ\surd \ast \uplus \diamond △▽\ominus$
\oslash \odot \bigcirc \amalg \prec \succ \preceq \succeq	$\oslash \odot ◯⨿\prec \succ ⪯⪰$
\dashv \asymp \doteq \parallel	$⊣\asymp \doteq \parallel$

Eksponenti, indeksi, integrali

Funkcija	Kôd	Izgled
		HTML	PNG
Eksponent	a^2	$a^2$	$a^2$
Indeks	a_2	$a_2$	$a_2$
Grupiranje	a^{2+2}	$a^{2+2}$	$a^{2+2}$
	a_{i,j}	$a_{i,j}$	$a_{i,j}$
Kombinacija	x_2^3	$x_2^3$
Prethodeći i/ili dodani eksponenti i indeksi	\sideset{_1^2}{_3^4}\prod_a^b	$\underset{a}{\overset{b}{{}_1{}^2\prod _3^4}}$
	{}_1^2\!\Omega_3^4	${}_1^2{\mathrm{\Omega }}_3^4$
"Povrh"	\overset{\alpha}{\omega}	$\stackrel{\alpha }{\omega }$
	\underset{\alpha}{\omega}	$\underset{\alpha }{\omega }$
	\overset{\alpha}{\underset{\gamma}{\omega}}	$\stackrel{\alpha }{\underset{\gamma }{\omega }}$
	\stackrel{\alpha}{\omega}	$\stackrel{\alpha }{\omega }$
Derivacije (samo u PNG-u)	<code>x', y'', f', f''\!</code>		$x^{\prime },y^{″},f^{\prime },f^{″}$
Derivacije (kurzivno f nekad preklapa apostrofe u HTML-u)	<code>x', y'', f', f''</code>	$x^{\prime },y^{″},f^{\prime },f^{″}$	$x^{\prime },y^{″},f^{\prime },f^{″}$
Točke	\dot{x}, \ddot{x}	$\dot{x},\ddot{x}$
Potcrtano, "potez", vektori	\hat a \ \bar b \ \vec c	$\hat{a}\overline{b}\overrightarrow{c}$
	\overrightarrow{a b} \ \overleftarrow{c d} \ \widehat{d e f}	$\overrightarrow{ab}\overleftarrow{cd}\widehat{def}$
	\overline{g h i} \ \underline{j k l}	$\overline{ghi}\underset{\_}{jkl}$
Strelice	A \xleftarrow{n+\mu-1} B \xrightarrow[T]{n\pm i-1} C	$A\stackrel{n+\mu -1}{\leftarrow }B\underset{T}{\overset{n\pm i-1}{\to }}C$
Vitičaste zagrade gore	\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }^{5050}	$\stackrel{5050}{\overbrace{1+2+\cdots +100}}$
Vitičaste zagrade dolje	\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }_{26}	$\underset{26}{\underbrace{a+b+\cdots +z}}$
Suma	\sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\sum _{k=1}^N{k}^2$
Suma (drugi oblik)	\textstyle \sum_{k=1}^N k^2	${\sum }_{k=1}^N{k}^2$
Produkt	\prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\prod _{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Produkt (drugi oblik)	\textstyle \prod_{i=1}^N x_i	${\prod }_{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Koprodukt	\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\coprod _{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Koprodukt (drugi oblik)	\textstyle \coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	${\coprod }_{i=1}^N{x}_i$
Limes	\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\lim }{x}_n$
Limes (drugi oblik)	\textstyle \lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$\underset{n\to \mathrm{\infty }}{\lim }{x}_n$
Integral	\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\underset{-N}{\overset{N}{\int }}{e}^{x}dx$
Integral (drugi oblik)	\textstyle \int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	${\int }_{-N}^N{e}^{x}dx$
Dvostruki integral	\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy	$\underset{D}{\overset{W}{\iint }}dxdy$
Trostruki integral	\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz	$\underset{E}{\overset{V}{\iiint }}dxdydz$
Četverostruki integral	\iiiint_{F}^{U} \, dx\,dy\,dz\,dt	$\underset{F}{\overset{U}{⨌}}dxdydzdt$
Path integral	\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	${\oint }_C{x}^{3}dx+4y^{2}dy$
Presjek	\bigcap_1^{n} p	$\bigcap _1^{n}p$
Unija	\bigcup_1^{k} p	$\bigcup _1^{k}p$

Razlomci, matrice, rad u više redova

Operacija	Kôd	Izgled
Razlomci	\frac{2}{4}=0.5	$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$
Mali razlomci	\tfrac{2}{4} = 0.5	$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$
Veliki (normalni) razlomci	\dfrac{2}{4} = 0.5	$\frac{2}{4}=0.5$
Veliki (ugniježđeni) razlomci	\cfrac{2}{c + \cfrac{2}{d + \cfrac{2}{4}}} = a	$\frac{2}{c+\frac{2}{d+\frac{2}{4}}}=a$
"Povrh"	\binom{n}{k}	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$
Mali "Povrh"	\tbinom{n}{k}	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$
Veliki (normalni) "Povrh"	\dbinom{n}{k}	$(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n}{k})$
Matrice	\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}	$\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}$
	\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}	$\left|\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\right|$
	\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}	$\Vert \begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\Vert$
	\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}	$\left[\begin{array}{ccc}0& \cdots & 0\\ ⋮& \ddots & ⋮\\ 0& \cdots & 0\end{array}\right]$
	\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}	$\left\{\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\right\}$
	\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}	$\left(\begin{array}{cc}x& y\\ z& v\end{array}\right)$
	\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)	$\left(\begin{array}{cc}a& b\\ c& d\end{array}\right)$
Slučajevi	f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}	$f(n)=\{\begin{array}{cc}n/2,& \text{if }n\text{ is even}\\ 3n+1,& \text{if }n\text{ is odd}\end{array}$
Jednadžbe u više redova	\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \\ \end{align}	$\begin{array}{cc}f(x)& =(a+b{)}^2\\ & =a^2+2ab+b^2\\ \end{array}$
	\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \\ \end{alignat}	$\begin{array}{cc}f(x)& =(a-b{)}^2\\ & =a^2-2ab+b^2\\ \end{array}$
Jednadžbe u više redova ({lcr} definira broj i poravnanje stupaca - l=lijevo(left), c=sredina(center), r=desno(right). Dakle, prvi stupac će biti poravnat lijevo, drugi u sredinu, treći desno. (ne koristiti ako nije prijeko potrebno))	\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	$\begin{array}{ccc}z& =& a\\ f(x,y,z)& =& x+y+z\end{array}$
Jednadžbe u više redova (dodatno objašnjenje)	\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	$\begin{array}{ccc}z& =& a\\ f(x,y,z)& =& x+y+z\end{array}$
Lomljenje dugačke formule da prijeđe u novi red ako je potrebno	<math>f(x) \,\!</math> <math>= \sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n x^n </math> <math>= a_0+a_1x+a_2x^2+\cdots</math>	$f(x)$$=\sum _{n=0}^{\mathrm{\infty }}{a}_n{x}^n$$=a_0+a_{1}x+a_2{x}^2+\cdots$
Slučajevi	\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z \\ 7x - 2y + 4z \\ -6x + 3y + 2z \end{cases}	$\{\begin{array}{c}3x+5y+z\\ 7x-2y+4z\\ -6x+3y+2z\end{array}$

Vrste slova/fonta

Grčki alfabet
\Alpha \Beta \Gamma \Delta \Epsilon \Zeta	$\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{E}\mathrm{Z}$
\Eta \Theta \Iota \Kappa \Lambda \Mu	$\mathrm{H}\mathrm{\Theta }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{M}$
\Nu \Xi \Pi \Rho \Sigma \Tau	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{\Xi }\mathrm{\Pi }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{\Sigma }\mathrm{T}$
\Upsilon \Phi \Chi \Psi \Omega	$\mathrm{{\rm Y}}\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{X}\mathrm{\Psi }\mathrm{\Omega }$
\alpha \beta \gamma \delta \epsilon \zeta	$\alpha \beta \gamma \delta ϵ\zeta$
\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu	$\eta \theta \iota \kappa \lambda \mu$
\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau	$\nu \xi \pi \rho \sigma \tau$
\upsilon \phi \chi \psi \omega	$\upsilon \varphi \chi \psi \omega$
\varepsilon \digamma \vartheta \varkappa	$\epsilon ϝ\vartheta \varkappa$
\varpi \varrho \varsigma \varphi	$\varpi \varrho \varsigma \phi$
Skupovi
\mathbb{A} \mathbb{B} \mathbb{C} \mathbb{D} \mathbb{E} \mathbb{F} \mathbb{G}	$𝔸𝔹ℂ𝔻𝔼𝔽𝔾$
\mathbb{H} \mathbb{I} \mathbb{J} \mathbb{K} \mathbb{L} \mathbb{M}	$ℍ𝕀𝕁𝕂𝕃𝕄$
\mathbb{N} \mathbb{O} \mathbb{P} \mathbb{Q} \mathbb{R} \mathbb{S} \mathbb{T}	$\mathbb{N}𝕆\mathbb{P}\mathbb{Q}ℝ𝕊𝕋$
\mathbb{U} \mathbb{V} \mathbb{W} \mathbb{X} \mathbb{Y} \mathbb{Z}	$𝕌𝕍𝕎𝕏𝕐\mathbb{Z}$
Podebljano (abeceda)
\mathbf{A} \mathbf{B} \mathbf{C} \mathbf{D} \mathbf{E} \mathbf{F} \mathbf{G}	$𝐀𝐁𝐂𝐃𝐄𝐅𝐆$
\mathbf{H} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{J} \mathbf{K} \mathbf{L} \mathbf{M}	$𝐇𝐈𝐉𝐊𝐋𝐌$
\mathbf{N} \mathbf{O} \mathbf{P} \mathbf{Q} \mathbf{R} \mathbf{S} \mathbf{T}	$𝐍𝐎𝐏𝐐𝐑𝐒𝐓$
\mathbf{U} \mathbf{V} \mathbf{W} \mathbf{X} \mathbf{Y} \mathbf{Z}	$𝐔𝐕𝐖𝐗𝐘𝐙$
\mathbf{a} \mathbf{b} \mathbf{c} \mathbf{d} \mathbf{e} \mathbf{f} \mathbf{g}	$𝐚𝐛𝐜𝐝𝐞𝐟𝐠$
\mathbf{h} \mathbf{i} \mathbf{j} \mathbf{k} \mathbf{l} \mathbf{m}	$𝐡𝐢𝐣𝐤𝐥𝐦$
\mathbf{n} \mathbf{o} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{q} \mathbf{r} \mathbf{s} \mathbf{t}	$𝐧𝐨𝐩𝐪𝐫𝐬𝐭$
\mathbf{u} \mathbf{v} \mathbf{w} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{y} \mathbf{z}	$𝐮𝐯𝐰𝐱𝐲𝐳$
\mathbf{0} \mathbf{1} \mathbf{2} \mathbf{3} \mathbf{4}	$\mathrm{𝟎}\mathrm{𝟏}\mathrm{𝟐}\mathrm{𝟑}\mathrm{𝟒}$
\mathbf{5} \mathbf{6} \mathbf{7} \mathbf{8} \mathbf{9}	$\mathrm{𝟓}\mathrm{𝟔}\mathrm{𝟕}\mathrm{𝟖}\mathrm{𝟗}$
Podebljano (alfabet)
\boldsymbol{\Alpha} \boldsymbol{\Beta} \boldsymbol{\Gamma} \boldsymbol{\Delta} \boldsymbol{\Epsilon} \boldsymbol{\Zeta}	$\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{\Gamma }\mathrm{\Delta }\mathrm{E}\mathrm{Z}$
\boldsymbol{\Eta} \boldsymbol{\Theta} \boldsymbol{\Iota} \boldsymbol{\Kappa} \boldsymbol{\Lambda} \boldsymbol{\Mu}	$\mathrm{H}\mathrm{\Theta }\mathrm{I}\mathrm{K}\mathrm{\Lambda }\mathrm{M}$
\boldsymbol{\Nu} \boldsymbol{\Xi} \boldsymbol{\Pi} \boldsymbol{\Rho} \boldsymbol{\Sigma} \boldsymbol{\Tau}	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{\Xi }\mathrm{\Pi }\mathrm{P}\mathrm{\Sigma }\mathrm{T}$
\boldsymbol{\Upsilon} \boldsymbol{\Phi} \boldsymbol{\Chi} \boldsymbol{\Psi} \boldsymbol{\Omega}	$\mathrm{{\rm Y}}\mathrm{\Phi }\mathrm{X}\mathrm{\Psi }\mathrm{\Omega }$
\boldsymbol{\alpha} \boldsymbol{\beta} \boldsymbol{\gamma} \boldsymbol{\delta} \boldsymbol{\epsilon} \boldsymbol{\zeta}	$\mathit{\alpha }\mathit{\beta }\mathit{\gamma }\mathit{\delta }\mathit{ϵ}\mathit{\zeta }$
\boldsymbol{\eta} \boldsymbol{\theta} \boldsymbol{\iota} \boldsymbol{\kappa} \boldsymbol{\lambda} \boldsymbol{\mu}	$\mathit{\eta }\mathit{\theta }\mathit{\iota }\mathit{\kappa }\mathit{\lambda }\mathit{\mu }$
\boldsymbol{\nu} \boldsymbol{\xi} \boldsymbol{\pi} \boldsymbol{\rho} \boldsymbol{\sigma} \boldsymbol{\tau}	$\mathit{\nu }\mathit{\xi }\mathit{\pi }\mathit{\rho }\mathit{\sigma }\mathit{\tau }$
\boldsymbol{\upsilon} \boldsymbol{\phi} \boldsymbol{\chi} \boldsymbol{\psi} \boldsymbol{\omega}	$\mathit{\upsilon }\mathit{\varphi }\mathit{\chi }\mathit{\psi }\mathit{\omega }$
\boldsymbol{\varepsilon} \boldsymbol{\digamma} \boldsymbol{\vartheta} \boldsymbol{\varkappa}	$\mathit{\epsilon }\mathit{ϝ}\mathit{\vartheta }\mathit{\varkappa }$
\boldsymbol{\varpi} \boldsymbol{\varrho} \boldsymbol{\varsigma} \boldsymbol{\varphi}	$\mathit{\varpi }\mathit{\varrho }\mathit{\varsigma }\mathit{\phi }$
Kurziv
\mathit{A} \mathit{B} \mathit{C} \mathit{D} \mathit{E} \mathit{F} \mathit{G}	$𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐸𝐹𝐺$
\mathit{H} \mathit{I} \mathit{J} \mathit{K} \mathit{L} \mathit{M}	$𝐻𝐼𝐽𝐾𝐿𝑀$
\mathit{N} \mathit{O} \mathit{P} \mathit{Q} \mathit{R} \mathit{S} \mathit{T}	$𝑁𝑂𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆𝑇$
\mathit{U} \mathit{V} \mathit{W} \mathit{X} \mathit{Y} \mathit{Z}	$𝑈𝑉𝑊𝑋𝑌𝑍$
\mathit{a} \mathit{b} \mathit{c} \mathit{d} \mathit{e} \mathit{f} \mathit{g}	$𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑔$
\mathit{h} \mathit{i} \mathit{j} \mathit{k} \mathit{l} \mathit{m}	$ℎ𝑖𝑗𝑘𝑙𝑚$
\mathit{n} \mathit{o} \mathit{p} \mathit{q} \mathit{r} \mathit{s} \mathit{t}	$𝑛𝑜𝑝𝑞𝑟𝑠𝑡$
\mathit{u} \mathit{v} \mathit{w} \mathit{x} \mathit{y} \mathit{z}	$𝑢𝑣𝑤𝑥𝑦𝑧$
\mathit{0} \mathit{1} \mathit{2} \mathit{3} \mathit{4}	$01234$
\mathit{5} \mathit{6} \mathit{7} \mathit{8} \mathit{9}	$56789$
Roman font
\mathrm{A} \mathrm{B} \mathrm{C} \mathrm{D} \mathrm{E} \mathrm{F} \mathrm{G}	$\mathrm{A}\mathrm{B}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{F}\mathrm{G}$
\mathrm{H} \mathrm{I} \mathrm{J} \mathrm{K} \mathrm{L} \mathrm{M}	$\mathrm{H}\mathrm{I}\mathrm{J}\mathrm{K}\mathrm{L}\mathrm{M}$
\mathrm{N} \mathrm{O} \mathrm{P} \mathrm{Q} \mathrm{R} \mathrm{S} \mathrm{T}	$\mathrm{N}\mathrm{O}\mathrm{P}\mathrm{Q}\mathrm{R}\mathrm{S}\mathrm{T}$
\mathrm{U} \mathrm{V} \mathrm{W} \mathrm{X} \mathrm{Y} \mathrm{Z}	$\mathrm{U}\mathrm{V}\mathrm{W}\mathrm{X}\mathrm{Y}\mathrm{Z}$
\mathrm{a} \mathrm{b} \mathrm{c} \mathrm{d} \mathrm{e} \mathrm{f} \mathrm{g}	$\mathrm{a}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{g}$
\mathrm{h} \mathrm{i} \mathrm{j} \mathrm{k} \mathrm{l} \mathrm{m}	$\mathrm{h}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{j}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{m}$
\mathrm{n} \mathrm{o} \mathrm{p} \mathrm{q} \mathrm{r} \mathrm{s} \mathrm{t}	$\mathrm{n}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{p}\mathrm{q}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{s}\mathrm{t}$
\mathrm{u} \mathrm{v} \mathrm{w} \mathrm{x} \mathrm{y} \mathrm{z}	$\mathrm{u}\mathrm{v}\mathrm{w}\mathrm{x}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{z}$
\mathrm{0} \mathrm{1} \mathrm{2} \mathrm{3} \mathrm{4}	$\mathrm{0}\mathrm{1}\mathrm{2}\mathrm{3}\mathrm{4}$
\mathrm{5} \mathrm{6} \mathrm{7} \mathrm{8} \mathrm{9}	$\mathrm{5}\mathrm{6}\mathrm{7}\mathrm{8}\mathrm{9}$
Fraktur font
\mathfrak{A} \mathfrak{B} \mathfrak{C} \mathfrak{D} \mathfrak{E} \mathfrak{F} \mathfrak{G}	$𝔄𝔅ℭ𝔇𝔈𝔉𝔊$
\mathfrak{H} \mathfrak{I} \mathfrak{J} \mathfrak{K} \mathfrak{L} \mathfrak{M}	$ℌ\Im 𝔍𝔎𝔏𝔐$
\mathfrak{N} \mathfrak{O} \mathfrak{P} \mathfrak{Q} \mathfrak{R} \mathfrak{S} \mathfrak{T}	$𝔑𝔒𝔓𝔔\Re 𝔖𝔗$
\mathfrak{U} \mathfrak{V} \mathfrak{W} \mathfrak{X} \mathfrak{Y} \mathfrak{Z}	$𝔘𝔙𝔚𝔛𝔜ℨ$
\mathfrak{a} \mathfrak{b} \mathfrak{c} \mathfrak{d} \mathfrak{e} \mathfrak{f} \mathfrak{g}	$𝔞𝔟𝔠𝔡𝔢𝔣𝔤$
\mathfrak{h} \mathfrak{i} \mathfrak{j} \mathfrak{k} \mathfrak{l} \mathfrak{m}	$𝔥𝔦𝔧𝔨𝔩𝔪$
\mathfrak{n} \mathfrak{o} \mathfrak{p} \mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{r} \mathfrak{s} \mathfrak{t}	$𝔫𝔬𝔭𝔮𝔯𝔰𝔱$
\mathfrak{u} \mathfrak{v} \mathfrak{w} \mathfrak{x} \mathfrak{y} \mathfrak{z}	$𝔲𝔳𝔴𝔵𝔶𝔷$
\mathfrak{0} \mathfrak{1} \mathfrak{2} \mathfrak{3} \mathfrak{4}	$01234$
\mathfrak{5} \mathfrak{6} \mathfrak{7} \mathfrak{8} \mathfrak{9}	$56789$
"Rukopis"
\mathcal{A} \mathcal{B} \mathcal{C} \mathcal{D} \mathcal{E} \mathcal{F} \mathcal{G}	$𝒜ℬ𝒞𝒟ℰℱ𝒢$
\mathcal{H} \mathcal{I} \mathcal{J} \mathcal{K} \mathcal{L} \mathcal{M}	$\mathscr{H}ℐ𝒥𝒦ℒℳ$
\mathcal{N} \mathcal{O} \mathcal{P} \mathcal{Q} \mathcal{R} \mathcal{S} \mathcal{T}	$𝒩𝒪𝒫𝒬ℛ𝒮𝒯$
\mathcal{U} \mathcal{V} \mathcal{W} \mathcal{X} \mathcal{Y} \mathcal{Z}	$𝒰𝒱𝒲𝒳𝒴𝒵$
Hebrejski
\aleph \beth \gimel \daleth	$\mathrm{\aleph }\beth \gimel \daleth$

Funkcija	Kôd	Izgled
sprečavanje automatskog kurziva kod slova	\mbox{abc}	$\text{abc}$	$\text{abc}$
pomiješano (loše)	\mbox{if} n \mbox{is even}	$\text{if}n\text{is even}$	$\text{if}n\text{is even}$
pomiješano (dobro)	\mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even}	$\text{if }n\text{ is even}$	$\text{if }n\text{ is even}$
mixed italics (pouzdanije: "~" daje razmak koji se neće prekidati na kraju reda, a "\ " samo daje razmak)	\mbox{if}~n\ \mbox{is even}	$\text{if}n\text{is even}$	$\text{if}n\text{is even}$

Zagrade i slično

Ne koristite unutar matematičkod kôda znakove "(" i ")" ako želite u zagradu staviti razlomke ili nešto "visoko":

Funkcija	Kôd	Izgled
Loše	( \frac{1}{2} )	$(\frac{1}{2})$
Dobro	\left ( \frac{1}{2} \right )	$\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)$

Funkcija	Kôd	Izgled
Oble zagrade	\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )	$\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)$
Uglate zagrade	\left [ \frac{a}{b} \right ] \quad \left \lbrack \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrack	$\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]$
Vitičaste zagrade	\left \{ \frac{a}{b} \right \} \quad \left \lbrace \frac{a}{b} \right \rbrace	$\left\{\frac{a}{b}\right\}\left\{\frac{a}{b}\right\}$
"Špičaste" zagrade	\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle	$⟨\frac{a}{b}⟩$
Apsolutna vrijednost i dvostruke okomite crte	\left | \frac{a}{b} \right \vert \left \Vert \frac{c}{d} \right \|	$\left|\frac{a}{b}\right|\Vert \frac{c}{d}\Vert$
Funkcije zaokruživanja	\left \lfloor \frac{a}{b} \right \rfloor \left \lceil \frac{c}{d} \right \rceil	$\lfloor \frac{a}{b}\rfloor \lceil \frac{c}{d}\rceil$
Kose crte	\left / \frac{a}{b} \right \backslash	$/\frac{a}{b}\backslash$
Strelice	\left \uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \downarrow \quad \left \Uparrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Downarrow \quad \left \updownarrow \frac{a}{b} \right \Updownarrow	$\uparrow \frac{a}{b}\downarrow \Uparrow \frac{a}{b}\Downarrow \updownarrow \frac{a}{b}\Updownarrow$
Različite se vrste zagrada mogu miješati dok je god broj oznaka \left i \right jednak.	\left [ 0,1 \right ) \left \langle \psi \right |	$[0,1)$ $⟨\psi |$
Ako ne želite zagradu, poslije \left ili \right dodajte točku.	\left . \frac{A}{B} \right \} \to X	$\frac{A}{B}\}\to X$
Veličina zagrada	\big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg( ... \Bigg] \bigg] \Big] \big]	$\left(\right(\left(\right(...\left]\right]\left]\right]$
	\big\{ \Big\{ \bigg\{ \Bigg\{ ... \Bigg\rangle \bigg\rangle \Big\rangle \big\rangle	$\left\{\right\{\left\{\right\{...⟩⟩⟩⟩$
	\big\| \Big\| \bigg\| \Bigg\| ... \Bigg| \bigg| \Big| \big|	$\Vert \Vert \Vert \Vert ...\left|\right|\left|\right|$
	\big\lfloor \Big\lfloor \bigg\lfloor \Bigg\lfloor ... \Bigg\rceil \bigg\rceil \Big\rceil \big\rceil	$\lfloor \lfloor \lfloor \lfloor ...\rceil \rceil \rceil \rceil$
	\big\uparrow \Big\uparrow \bigg\uparrow \Bigg\uparrow ... \Bigg\Downarrow \bigg\Downarrow \Big\Downarrow \big\Downarrow	$\uparrow \uparrow \uparrow \uparrow ...\Downarrow \Downarrow \Downarrow \Downarrow$
	\big\updownarrow \Big\updownarrow \bigg\updownarrow \Bigg\updownarrow ... \Bigg\Updownarrow \bigg\Updownarrow \Big\Updownarrow \big\Updownarrow	$\updownarrow \updownarrow \updownarrow \updownarrow ...\Updownarrow \Updownarrow \Updownarrow \Updownarrow$
	\big / \Big / \bigg / \Bigg / ... \Bigg\backslash \bigg\backslash \Big\backslash \big\backslash	$////...\backslash \backslash \backslash \backslash$

Razmaci

Razmaci se obično ne moraju sređivati jer su pravilno dodani automatski, no, nekad je potrebno ručno ih podesiti.

Funkcija	Kôd	Izgled
dva četverostruka razmaka	a \qquad b	$ab$
četverostruki razmak	a \quad b	$ab$
običan razmak	a\ b	$ab$
običan razmak bez pretvorbe u PNG	a \mbox{ } b	$ab$
velik razmak	a\;b	$ab$
srednji razmak	a\>b	[nije podržano]
malen razmak	a\,b	$ab$
bez razmaka	ab	$ab$
malen "negativan razmak"	a\!b	$ab$

Boje

• {\color{Blue}x^2}+{\color{Brown}2x}-{\color{OliveGreen}1}

  $x^2+2x-1$

• x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{\color{Red}b^2-4ac}}{2a}

  $x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm \sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$

Sve boje koje podržava LaTeX pogledajte ovdje.

Vanjska poveznica

• Tutorial za LaTeX Predložak:Eng oznaka