Popis integrala iracionalnih funkcija

Slijedi popis integrala (antiderivacija funkcija) iracionalnih funkcija. Za potpun popis integrala funkcija, pogledati tablica integrala i popis integrala.

Integrali koji uključuju $r=\sqrt{x^2+a^2}$

$\int rdx=\frac{1}{2}(xr+a^2\ln (x+r))+C$

$\int r^{3}dx=\frac{1}{4}x{r}^3+\frac{1}{8}3a^{2}xr+\frac{3}{8}{a}^4\ln (x+r)+C$

$\int r^{5}dx=\frac{1}{6}x{r}^5+\frac{5}{24}{a}^{2}x{r}^3+\frac{5}{16}{a}^{4}xr+\frac{5}{16}{a}^6\ln (x+r)+C$

$\int xrdx=\frac{r^3}{3}+C$

$\int x{r}^{3}dx=\frac{r^5}{5}+C$

$\int x{r}^{2n+1}dx=\frac{r^{2n+3}}{2n+3}+C$

$\int x^{2}rdx=\frac{x{r}^3}{4}-\frac{a^{2}xr}{8}-\frac{a^4}{8}\ln (x+r)+C$

$\int x^2{r}^{3}dx=\frac{x{r}^5}{6}-\frac{a^{2}x{r}^3}{24}-\frac{a^{4}xr}{16}-\frac{a^6}{16}\ln (x+r)+C$

$\int x^{3}rdx=\frac{r^5}{5}-\frac{a^2{r}^3}{3}+C$

$\int x^3{r}^{3}dx=\frac{r^7}{7}-\frac{a^2{r}^5}{5}+C$

$\int x^3{r}^{2n+1}dx=\frac{r^{2n+5}}{2n+5}-\frac{a^3{r}^{2n+3}}{2n+3}+C$

$\int x^{4}rdx=\frac{x^3{r}^3}{6}-\frac{a^{2}x{r}^3}{8}+\frac{a^{4}xr}{16}+\frac{a^6}{16}\ln (x+r)+C$

$\int x^4{r}^{3}dx=\frac{x^3{r}^5}{8}-\frac{a^{2}x{r}^5}{16}+\frac{a^{4}x{r}^3}{64}+\frac{3a^{6}xr}{128}+\frac{3a^8}{128}\ln (x+r)+C$

$\int x^{5}rdx=\frac{r^7}{7}-\frac{2a^2{r}^5}{5}+\frac{a^4{r}^3}{3}+C$

$\int x^5{r}^{3}dx=\frac{r^9}{9}-\frac{2a^2{r}^7}{7}+\frac{a^4{r}^5}{5}+C$

$\int x^5{r}^{2n+1}dx=\frac{r^{2n+7}}{2n+7}-\frac{2a^2{r}^{2n+5}}{2n+5}+\frac{a^4{r}^{2n+3}}{2n+3}+C$

$\int \frac{rdx}{x}=r-a\ln \left|\frac{a+r}{x}\right|=r-a\mathrm{Arsh}\frac{a}{x}+C$

$\int \frac{r^{3}dx}{x}=\frac{r^3}{3}+a^{2}r-a^3\ln \left|\frac{a+r}{x}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{r^{5}dx}{x}=\frac{r^5}{5}+\frac{a^2{r}^3}{3}+a^{4}r-a^5\ln \left|\frac{a+r}{x}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{r^{7}dx}{x}=\frac{r^7}{7}+\frac{a^2{r}^5}{5}+\frac{a^4{r}^3}{3}+a^{6}r-a^7\ln \left|\frac{a+r}{x}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{r}=\mathrm{Arsh}\frac{x}{a}=\ln |x+r|+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{r^3}=\frac{x}{a^{2}r}+C$

$\int \frac{xdx}{r}=r+C$

$\int \frac{xdx}{r^3}=-\frac{1}{r}+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{r}=\frac{x}{2}r-\frac{a^2}{2}\mathrm{Arsh}\frac{x}{a}=\frac{x}{2}r-\frac{a^2}{2}\ln |x+r|+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{xr}=-\frac{1}{a}\mathrm{Arsh}\frac{a}{x}=-\frac{1}{a}\ln \left|\frac{a+r}{x}\right|+C$

Integrali koji uključuju $s=\sqrt{x^2-a^2}$

Pretpostavlja se da je $x^2>a^2$, za $x^2<a^2$ vidi sljedeću sekciju:

$\int xsdx=\frac{1}{3}{s}^3+C$

$\int \frac{sdx}{x}=s-a{\cos }^{-1}\left|\frac{a}{x}\right|$

$\int \frac{dx}{s}=\int \frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2-a^2}}=\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|+C$

Valja uočiti da je $\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|=\mathrm{s}\mathrm{g}\mathrm{n}(x)\mathrm{Arch}\left|\frac{x}{a}\right|=\frac{1}{2}\ln \left(\frac{x+s}{x-s}\right)$, pri čemu se uzima pozitivna vrijednost od $\mathrm{Arch}\left|\frac{x}{a}\right|$.

$\int \frac{xdx}{s}=s+C$

$\int \frac{xdx}{s^3}=-\frac{1}{s}+C$

$\int \frac{xdx}{s^5}=-\frac{1}{3s^3}+C$

$\int \frac{xdx}{s^7}=-\frac{1}{5s^5}+C$

$\int \frac{xdx}{s^{2n+1}}=-\frac{1}{(2n-1)s^{2n-1}}+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2m}dx}{s^{2n+1}}=-\frac{1}{2n-1}\frac{x^{2m-1}}{s^{2n-1}}+\frac{2m-1}{2n-1}\int \frac{x^{2m-2}dx}{s^{2n-1}}+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{s}=\frac{xs}{2}+\frac{a^2}{2}\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{s^3}=-\frac{x}{s}+\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{x^{4}dx}{s}=\frac{x^{3}s}{4}+\frac{3}{8}{a}^{2}xs+\frac{3}{8}{a}^4\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{x^{4}dx}{s^3}=\frac{xs}{2}-\frac{a^{2}x}{s}+\frac{3}{2}{a}^2\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{x^{4}dx}{s^5}=-\frac{x}{s}-\frac{1}{3}\frac{x^3}{s^3}+\ln \left|\frac{x+s}{a}\right|+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2m}dx}{s^{2n+1}}=(-1{)}^{n-m}\frac{1}{a^{2(n-m)}}\sum _{i=0}^{n-m-1}\frac{1}{2(m+i)+1}(\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{n-m-1}{i})\frac{x^{2(m+i)+1}}{s^{2(m+i)+1}}+C\text{(}n>m\ge 0\text{)}$

$\int \frac{dx}{s^3}=-\frac{1}{a^2}\frac{x}{s}+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{s^5}=\frac{1}{a^4}[\frac{x}{s}-\frac{1}{3}\frac{x^3}{s^3}]+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{s^7}=-\frac{1}{a^6}[\frac{x}{s}-\frac{2}{3}\frac{x^3}{s^3}+\frac{1}{5}\frac{x^5}{s^5}]+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{s^9}=\frac{1}{a^8}[\frac{x}{s}-\frac{3}{3}\frac{x^3}{s^3}+\frac{3}{5}\frac{x^5}{s^5}-\frac{1}{7}\frac{x^7}{s^7}]+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{s^5}=-\frac{1}{a^2}\frac{x^3}{3s^3}+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{s^7}=\frac{1}{a^4}[\frac{1}{3}\frac{x^3}{s^3}-\frac{1}{5}\frac{x^5}{s^5}]+C$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{s^9}=-\frac{1}{a^6}[\frac{1}{3}\frac{x^3}{s^3}-\frac{2}{5}\frac{x^5}{s^5}+\frac{1}{7}\frac{x^7}{s^7}]+C$

Integrali koji uključuju $t=\sqrt{a^2-x^2}$

$\int tdx=\frac{1}{2}(xt+a^2\arcsin \frac{x}{a})+C\text{(}|x|\le |a|\text{)}$

$\int xtdx=-\frac{1}{3}{t}^3+C\text{(}|x|\le |a|\text{)}$

$\int \frac{tdx}{x}=t-a\ln \left|\frac{a+t}{x}\right|+C\text{(}|x|\le |a|\text{)}$

$\int \frac{dx}{t}=\arcsin \frac{x}{a}+C\text{(}|x|\le |a|\text{)}$

$\int \frac{x^{2}dx}{t}=\frac{1}{2}(-xt+a^2\arcsin \frac{x}{a})+C\text{(}|x|\le |a|\text{)}$

$\int tdx=\frac{1}{2}(xt-\mathrm{sgn}x\mathrm{Arch}\left|\frac{x}{a}\right|)+C\text{(za }|x|\ge |a|\text{)}$

Integrali koji uključuju $R=\sqrt{a{x}^2+bx+c}$

$\int \frac{dx}{R}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ln |2\sqrt{a}R+2ax+b|+C\text{(za }a>0\text{)}$

$\int \frac{dx}{R}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\mathrm{Arsh}\frac{2ax+b}{\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}+C\text{(za }a>0\text{, }4ac-b^2>0\text{)}$

$\int \frac{dx}{R}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}\ln |2ax+b|\text{(za }a>0\text{, }4ac-b^2=0\text{)}+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{R}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{-a}}\arcsin \frac{2ax+b}{\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}+C\text{(za }a<0\text{, }4ac-b^2<0\text{, }|2ax+b|<\sqrt{b^2-4ac}\text{)}$

$\int \frac{dx}{R^3}=\frac{4ax+2b}{(4ac-b^2)R}+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{R^5}=\frac{4ax+2b}{3(4ac-b^2)R}(\frac{1}{R^2}+\frac{8a}{4ac-b^2})+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{R^{2n+1}}=\frac{2}{(2n-1)(4ac-b^2)}(\frac{2ax+b}{R^{2n-1}}+4a(n-1)\int \frac{dx}{R^{2n-1}})+C$

$\int \frac{x}{R}dx=\frac{R}{a}-\frac{b}{2a}\int \frac{dx}{R}+C$

$\int \frac{x}{R^3}dx=-\frac{2bx+4c}{(4ac-b^2)R}+C$

$\int \frac{x}{R^{2n+1}}dx=-\frac{1}{(2n-1)a{R}^{2n-1}}-\frac{b}{2a}\int \frac{dx}{R^{2n+1}}+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{xR}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\ln \left(\frac{2\sqrt{c}R+bx+2c}{x}\right)+C$

$\int \frac{dx}{xR}=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\mathrm{Arsh}\left(\frac{bx+2c}{|x|\sqrt{4ac-b^2}}\right)+C$

Integrali koji uključuju $S=\sqrt{ax+b}$

$\int \frac{dx}{x\sqrt{ax+b}}=\frac{-2}{\sqrt{b}}\mathrm{Arth}\sqrt{\frac{ax+b}{b}}+C$

$\int \frac{\sqrt{ax+b}}{x}dx=2(\sqrt{ax+b}-\sqrt{b}\mathrm{Arth}\sqrt{\frac{ax+b}{b}})+C$

$\int \frac{x^n}{\sqrt{ax+b}}dx=\frac{2}{a(2n+1)}(x^n\sqrt{ax+b}-bn\int \frac{x^{n-1}}{\sqrt{ax+b}}dx)+C$

$\int x^n\sqrt{ax+b}dx=\frac{2}{2n+1}(x^{n+1}\sqrt{ax+b}+b{x}^n\sqrt{ax+b}-nb\int x^{n-1}\sqrt{ax+b}dx)+C$

Izvori

• Milton Abramowitz and Irene A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables 1972, Dover: New York. (See chapter 3.)